Examples:
Jamie, Adam and Lee arranged to meet by The Bull at 7 o'clock.
(conjunction "and" groups "Jamie", "Adam" + "Lee")
It is a small but practical kitchen.
(conjunction "but" groups "small" + "practical")
The manager or his secretary will notify you when the report is ready.
(conjunction "or" groups "manager" + "secretary")
A little sincerity is a dangerous thing, and a great deal of it is absolutely fatal. (Oscar Wilde)
(conjunction "and" joins both halves of this sentence)
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. (Oscar Wilde)
(conjunction "but" joins both halves of this sentence)
History will be kind to me, for I intend to write it. (Winston Churchill)
(conjunction "for" joins both halves of this sentence)
A dog owns nothing yet is seldom dissatisfied.
(conjunction "yet" joins both parts of this sentence)
A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.
Here are some example conjunctions:
Coordinating Conjunctions
|
Subordinating Conjunctions
|
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
|
although, because, since, unless
|
Form
Conjunctions have three basic forms:- Single Word
for example: and, but, because, although - Compound (often
ending with as or that)
for example: provided that, as long as, in order that - Correlative
(surrounding an adverb or adjective)
for example: so...that
Function
Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":- Coordinating
conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are
grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
- Jack and Jill went up the hill.
- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming. - Subordinating
conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main
clause, for example:
- I went swimming although it was cold.
Position
- Coordinating
conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
- Subordinating
conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
Type
of conjunctions .
Coordinating Conjunctions
The short, simple conjunctions are called "coordinating
conjunctions":- and, but, or, nor, for,
yet, so
|
+
|
|
- I like [tea] and
[coffee].
- [Ram likes tea], but
[Anthony likes coffee].
When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma before the conjunction:
- I want to work as an
interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
- She is kind so she
helps people.
- He drinks beer, whisky,
wine, and rum.
- He drinks beer, whisky,
wine and rum.
The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words.
They have only two or three letters. There's an easy way to remember them -
their initials spell:
F
|
A
|
N
|
B
|
O
|
Y
|
S
|
For
|
And
|
Nor
|
But
|
Or
|
Yet
|
So
|
Subordinating Conjunctions
The majority of conjunctions are "subordinating conjunctions". Common
subordinating conjunctions are:- after, although, as,
because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until,
when, where, whether, while
|
+
|
|
main or
independent clause |
subordinate or
dependent clause |
|
Ram went swimming
|
although
|
it was raining.
|
subordinating
conjunction |
||
A subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a
main or independent clause. It cannot exist alone. Imagine that somebody says
to you: "Hello! Although it was raining." What do you understand?
Nothing! But a main or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand
very well if somebody says to you: "Hello! Ram went swimming."
A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate
clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause. However, a subordinate
clause can sometimes come after and sometimes before a main clause. Thus, two
structures are possible:
|
|||||
Ram went swimming although it was raining.
|
|
||||||
Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.
|
Online Exercise : http://www.better-english.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm
http://www.englishdaily626.com/conjunctions.php?011
Answer Page 91-92
A. Complete the
sentences with appropriate
conjunctions.
1. I
will buy the
book but It
is not expensive .
2. Wait
till it stops
raining unless you
will get wet .
3. Tina and Jen love
animals .
4. I
was working late
in the night because I was
sleepy.
5. I
will not help although he
asks me to .
6. I
played basketball every
day unless I
was young.
7. I
called her up
many times but she
did not answer.
8. My
mother was very
happy when I
told her I
had won the
prize .
9.
The weather was
awful so we
could not to
go out.
10.
She cried because she
felt lonely .
B. Complete the sentences using conjunctions
from the box.
although and
because but or
|
so
unless until when
since
|
1. You cannot be
a teacher although
you have
a teaching degree .
2. Although
my scooter is old
, it still runs
well .
3. Do
you want a
chocolate or vanilla
ice cream ?
4. The
dog heard a
sound so it
started barking .
5. I
would like to
attend the concert but not this
week .
6. You
will be late
late unless you
leave immediately .
7. Tom and Maria
were a team
for the competition.
8. Let’s
wait until the
rain stops .
9. She
began to cry because she
was very unhappy .
10.
I have
been waiting for
the show to
start since 9 o’clock .
C. Read the
sentences and complete
them with suitable
endings .
1. I
want to go
to the party
but my
car breaks down .
2. I
liked the film
because it was
fun .
3. I
saw him when he climbed the
tree .
4. We
waited until the train arrived .
5. She
will not succeed
unless she
studies hard .
6. She
was rude to
me yet she is
grumpy .
7. Mrs
Thomas will die
unless she takes care
of herself .
8. Do
you know when he went to Paris
9. We were tired
of her behaviour
so we didn’t talk
to her.
10.
This is
an expensive and beautiful house .
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