Verb
Verb is a word which shows action or state of something.
Examples. Write, run,
eat, drink, catch, clean, speak, laugh, weep, are some verbs
He is writing a letter.
In the
above example, the verb “write” tells us about the action
(writing) of the subject (he). A verb has its subject in sentence and verb
tells us what its subject does, did or will do.
Verbs describe action or state. Most verbs describe action, such verbs are called “dynamic verb”, for example write, eat, run, speak. Some verbs describe state of something, such verbs are called “stative verb” and are not usually used in continuous tense for example be, impress, please, surprise, belong to, consist of, resemble, seem
Verbs describe action or state. Most verbs describe action, such verbs are called “dynamic verb”, for example write, eat, run, speak. Some verbs describe state of something, such verbs are called “stative verb” and are not usually used in continuous tense for example be, impress, please, surprise, belong to, consist of, resemble, seem
Examples.
He works in a factory(action)
I boughta computer. (action)
John seems happy. (state)
He resembles his brother (state)
He works in a factory(action)
I boughta computer. (action)
John seems happy. (state)
He resembles his brother (state)
Some verbs can be used as dynamic verb as well as stative verb.
Example.
She looks very beautiful. (look as stative verb)
She looked at black board. (look as dynamic verb)
Example.
She looks very beautiful. (look as stative verb)
She looked at black board. (look as dynamic verb)
Forms
of verb according to tense or time of action.
Verb has three forms according
to tense.
*Base form
* Past
Simple *Past
participle
For example, go—went—gone. “Go” is
base form, “went” is
past simple form, and “gone” is past participle form. These
three form may also be named as 1st form, 2nd form and 3rd form of verb, which
are denoted by V1, V2 and V3 respectively. “ing” is added to base form verb to make
present participle which can be used with auxiliary verb “to be” in continuous
tense, for example, go—going, eat—eating, laugh—laughing.
Formation of past simple and past participle
On the basis formation of past
simple and past participle, verb is divided into
- Regular verbs
- Irregular verbs
Regular
Verbs.
Some verbs form their past
simple and past participle form by adding “-ed” to their base form, such verbs are
called regular verbs, for example laugh—laughed—laughed,
look—looked—looked.
Some examples
Some examples
Verb
|
Base form or V1
|
Past simple or V2
|
Past participle or V3
|
Present participle
|
|
To advise
|
advise
|
advised
|
advised
|
Advising
|
|
To allow
|
allow
|
allowed
|
allowed
|
Allowing
|
|
To enjoy
|
enjoy
|
enjoyed
|
enjoyed
|
Enjoying
|
|
To rain
|
rain
|
rained
|
rained
|
Raining
|
|
To smile
|
smile
|
smiled
|
smiled
|
Smiling
|
Irregular Verbs.
Some verbs form their past
simple and participle in different ways for example, buy—bought—bought, eat—ate—eaten, such verbs are called irregular
verbs.
Some examples
Verb
|
Base form or V1
|
Past simple or V2
|
Past participle or V3
|
Present participle
|
|
To know
|
know
|
knew
|
known
|
Knowing
|
|
To go
|
go
|
went
|
gone
|
Going
|
|
To drink
|
drink
|
drank
|
drunk
|
Drinking
|
|
To hold
|
hold
|
held
|
held
|
Holding
|
|
To write
|
wriite
|
wrote
|
written
|
Writing
|
Some verbs remain same in past
simple and past participle.
Some example
Verb
|
Base form or V1
|
Past simple or V2
|
Past participle or V3
|
Present participle
|
|
To cut
|
cut
|
cut
|
cut
|
Cutting
|
|
To shut
|
shut
|
shut
|
shut
|
Shutting
|
|
To spread
|
spread
|
spread
|
spread
|
Spreading
|
|
To put
|
put
|
put
|
put
|
Putting
|
|
To read
|
read
|
read
|
read
|
reading
|
Main Verbs
and Auxiliary or Helping verbs
A sentence can have both main verb and helping verb (auxiliary
verb).
Main verb: A verb which has major meaning in terms of action are called main verb,i.e. write, buy, eat etc.
Main verb: A verb which has major meaning in terms of action are called main verb,i.e. write, buy, eat etc.
Helping verb: A verb
which supports the main verb to form the structure of sentence, according a
specific tense, is called helping verb or auxiliary verb, i.e. is, am, have, was, had, is, will etc.
Main Verbs and Helping verbs
(Axilliary)
A sentence can have both main
verb and helping verb (auxiliary verb).
Main verb: A verb
which has major meaning in terms of action are called main verb, i.e. write,
buy, eat etc.
Helping verb: A verb
which supports the main verb to form the structure of sentence (according to a
specific tense) and give us information about the time of action expressed by
main verb, is called helping verb or auxiliary verb, i.e. is, am, have, was,
had, is, will etc.
Main verb has real meaning and
tells more about action while helping verb has no (or little) meaning if it is
alone but it adds time information about action if used with main verb to
specify the tense or time of the main verb. The examples below will help in
better understanding.
She is eating an apple. (“eat” is main verb
while “is” is helping verb)
She was eating an apple. (“eat” is main verb
while “was” is helping verb)
The main verbs in these
sentences “eat” convey the information about the action which is done on an
apple, while the helping verbs in these sentences "is, and was" tells
us the about the time of action by referring to specific tense. In first
sentence with helping verb "is" action (eating an apple) is being
done right now in the present time while in the second sentence with hepling
verb "was" action (eating an apple) was being done in past.
It means the MAIN VERB CONVEYS
the meaning of action with a little information about its time, but the HELPING
VERB (also called auxilliary Verb) tell us more about the time of action.
Helping verbs and main verbs together make a structure of sentence of a
specific tense (action and its time)
Use of helping verbs.
There are three primary helping
verbs, be, do, and have, which are majorly used in tenses.
Be (am, is, are). Forms of “be”
are used for continuous tenses.
Example. She is
laughing. (Present Continuous tense)
Have (have, has, had). Forms of
“have” are used in perfect tense.
Example.
He has completed his work.
(Present prefect tense)
He had bought a car. (Past
perfect tense)
Do(do, does, did). Forms of
“do” are used in indefinite(simple) tenses i.e. present simple tense or past
simple tense.
Example.
They do not play chess.
(Present simple tense)
I did not see him. (Past
simple)
Modal Verbs (Modal
auxiliaries)
Modal verbs are used to express
ideas such as ability, possibility, intention or necessity.
Examples.
Can, could (ability)
May might (possibility)
Will, shall, would (intention)
Should (necessity)
Must (necessity)
Ought to
Modal verbs can be used before
main verb as helping verbs.
Examples
I can play violin.
It may rain today.
You must learn the test-taking
strategies.
I will call you.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Transitive Verbs.
A verb which needs to have
object in sentence is called transitive verb.
Transitive verbs should have an
object in sentence because without subject it does not covey complete meaning.
Example.
He bought ______.
There should be some object in
this sentence for verb “buy”. Without an object the verb “bought” does not give
complete meaning. To make it more meaningful we use some object for verb
“bought” i.e book or computer or car.
He bought a book.
Or He bought a computer.
More examples.
John is eating a mango.
He has completedhis work.
I caught a bird in bushes.
She wrote a story.
Intransitive sentence.
A verb which does not need to
have object in sentence is called intransitive.
Intransitive verb can give
complete meaning with an object in sentence for it.
Example.
He slept.
She is laughing.
It has rained.
He is running.
They arrived.
Answer Key
Page 106-110
A. Complete these sentences with
the right form of the verbs given in the
brackets.
1. I woke (wake) up
very early this
morning .
2. He sat (sit) watching
birds in the
park all evening .
3. We went (go) to
the cinema last
Sunday .
4. I saved (save) some
money to buy
a new bike .
5. She waved (wave) good-bye
to her parents
at the airport .
6. My mother baked
(bake) some delicious
biscuits today .
7. Simon taught (teach) Science
at a school
before he took
up a new job
.
8. She brought (bring) a
tray full of
sandwiches for all
of us .
B. Match the
base forms of
verbs in column A
with the simple
past form in
column B .
Column A Column B
|
1. fly
|
a. paid
|
|
2. preach
|
b. spoke
|
|
3. meet
|
c. hit
|
|
4. thank
|
d. flew
|
|
5. call
|
e. tried
|
|
6. run
|
f. wanted
|
|
7. tick
|
g. met
|
|
8. send
|
h. stole
|
|
9. pay
|
i. preached
|
|
10. steal
|
j. threw
|
|
11. give
|
k. caught
|
|
12. try
|
l. made
|
|
13. want
|
m. called
|
|
14. behave
|
n. sent
|
|
15. tremble
|
o. gave
|
|
16. speak
|
p. thanked
|
|
17. throw
|
q. sought
|
|
18. catch
|
r. drew
|
|
19. hit
|
s. planned
|
|
20. make
|
t. ran
|
|
21. draw
|
u. behaved
|
|
22. plan
|
v. trembled
|
|
23. seek
|
w. ticked
|
|
1.flew
|
|
2.preached
|
|
3.met
|
4.thanked
|
|
5.called
|
|
6.ran
|
|
7.ticked
|
|
8.sent
|
|
9.paid
|
|
10.stole
|
|
11.gave
|
|
12.tried
|
|
13.wanted
|
|
14.behaved
|
|
15.trembled
|
|
16.spoke
|
|
17.threw
|
|
18.caught
|
|
19.hit
|
|
20.made
|
|
21.drew
|
|
22.planed
|
|
23.sought
|
C. Cross out
(x) the
wrong verb forms
in the boxes
and complete the
paragraph
I 1.(has/had) a
very good time
during the holidays .
We 2.(spend/spent) two
weeks with Aunt
Susan ‘s family . My
cousin and I 3. (went/go) to the
beach every evening .
We 4.(built/build)
sand
castles and 5. (swim/swam) in
the water . The
huge wave 6.(splashed/splash) all
over us and
we 7.(are/were) completely
wet in no
time . We 8.(bring/brought)
home sea-shells
and
colourful pebbles . Uncle
Tom 9.(take/took) us
to the zoo
on one of
the days . He 10.(showed/show) us all the animals
in their enclosures
and 11.(explain/explained) about
them in detail.
We all loved
feeding the elephants . It 12.(was/be) the
most enjoyable time of the
holidays .
Transitive and
Intransitive Verbs
* A verb that
takes a direct
object to complete
its meaning is
a transitive verb
He spoke to me .
* A verb that
does not need
a direct object
to complete its
meaning is an intransitive verb
.
She laughed
loudly .
A. Underline
the transitive verbs
and circle the
intransitive verbs in
these sentences .
1. He wrote a letter
.
2. Sam worked in a retail store .
3. Janet studies medicine
at the university
.
4. Linda sings beautifully .
5. Paul went to the mall
last evening .
6. He slept heavily .
7. Gina was a famous artist
.
8. Tim learned
to
swim last summer
.
B. Underline
the direct object
in each sentence.
1. Michelle loves ice-cream and chocolates .
2. She eats ice-cream almost
every day .
3. Her sister, Meg ,
does not like sweet .
4. Meg gave
Michelle a box of
chocolates on her
birthday .
5. Michelle found a box under
her pillow in
the morning .
6. Meg received
a book as
a gift from
Michelle .
7. Meg enjoys
reading .
C. Complete
these sentences. Use
the correct Past
Tense from of
the verb in
the brackets .
1. Tom lived in
a house on
the side of
a hill . (live)
2. Tom thought his
house was nice .
(think)
3. One day
, he looked across
the valley at
his house . (look)
4. He began to pedal
back to his
house . (begin)
5. He saw something
that made him
stop . (see,make)
6. The rays
of the sun fell on the windows
of his house . (fall)
7. The windows shone like a
thousand rainbows . (shine)
8. Tom felt that
his house seemed a magical place . (feel,seem)
D. Complete
these sentences with
suitable verbs of
your choice . In
the box alongside,
write T for
Transitive and IT
for Intransitive .
1. Hamelin was famous
for the legend
of the Pied
Piper . T
2. The Pied Piper were a coat of many
colours . T
3. He blew strange music
on his pipe . T
4. Whenever he played ,
the rats came him . IT
5. Finally they swam in
the river . IT
6. The people
of Hamelin felt overjoyed . IT
Online Exercise : http://www.really-learn-english.com/simple-past-exercises.html
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