Adverbs & Adjectives

An adverb can be added to a verb to modify its meaning. Usually, an adverb tells you when, where, how, in what manner or to what extent an action is performed. Very many adverbs end in '...ly' - particularly those that are used to express how an action is performed. Although many adverbs end 'ly', lots do not, e.g., fast, never, well, very, most, least, more, less, now, far and there.

Examples:

Anita placed the vase carefully on the shelf.
(The word 'carefully' is an adverb. It shows how the vase was placed.)

Tara walks gracefully.
(The word 'gracefully' is an adverb. It modifies the verb 'to walk'.)

He runs fast.
(The word 'fast' is an adverb. It modifies the verb 'to run'.)

You can set your watch by him. He always leaves at 5 o'clock.
(The word 'always' is an adverb. It modifies the verb 'to leave'.)

The dinner guests arrived early.
('early' - adverb; modifies 'to arrive')

She sometimes helps us.
('sometimes' - adverb; modifies 'to help')

I am the only person in the world I should like to know thoroughly. (Oscar Wilde)
('thoroughly' - adverb; modifies 'to know')

Types of Adverbs

Although there are thousands of adverbs, each adverb can usually be categorised in one of the following groupings:

Adverbs of Time 

Press the button now.
('now' - adverb of time)

I have never been.
('never' - adverb of time)

I tell him daily.
('daily' - adverb of time)

Adverbs of Place 

Daisies grow everywhere.
('everywhere' - adverb of place)

I did not put it there.
('there' - adverb of place)

Adverbs of Manner 

He passed the re-sit easily.
('easily' - adverb of manner)

The lion crawled stealthily.
('stealthily' - adverb of manner)

Adverbs of Degree 

That is the farthest I have ever jumped.
('farthest' - adverb of degree)

He boxed more cleverly.
('more cleverly' - adverb of degree and manner.)
(This is covered more in the lesson Comparatives.)

Adverbs Can Modify Adjectives and Other Adverbs

Although the term 'adverb' implies that they are only used with verbs, adverbs can also modify adjectives and other adverbs:

Examples:

The heavenly blue light shone on the water.
(The adverb 'heavenly' modifies the adjective 'blue'.)

Peter had an extremely ashen face.
(The adverb 'extremely' modifies the adjective 'ashen'.)

Badly trained dogs that fail the test will become pets.
(The adverb 'badly' modifies the adjective 'trained'.)
('Trained' is an adjective formed from the verb 'to train' - see Participles.)

She wore a beautifully designed dress.
(The adverb 'beautifully' modifies the adjective 'designed'.)

Peter Jackson finished his assignment remarkably quickly.
(The adverb 'quickly' modifies the verb 'to finish'. The adverb 'remarkably'
modifies the adverb 'quickly'.)

Exercise Online : http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adverbs/exercises
                               http://www.ezschool.com/Games/Adverbs.html

2.3 Adverbs
* An adverb tells us more about the verb.
* Usually adverbs end with the suffix – ly.

                   
Answer Page 78-80
A. Choose the best adverb for each sentence from the word given in the brackets.

1. She played the piano softly. (softly, silently)
2. He looked around carefully for his lost keys. (quietly, carefully)
3. The sun shone brightly this morning. (brightly, well)
4. Wendy was very tired. She fell asleep quickly. (slowly, quickly)
5. The children looked at the new neighbours curiously. ( curiously, rudely)
6. The dog stared at the meat greedily. (angrily, greedily)
7. When Susan was caught in stormy weather, she worried if she would reach home  safely. (safely, soundly).
8. The portrait Jim was painting turned out beautifully. (nastily, beautifully)
9. When the thief heard footsteps, he hid the stolen goods hastily. (hastily, suddenly)
10. The woman at the help desk answered all the question patiently. (patiently, safely)
11. Looking at his new bike, Sam sighed happily. (noisily, happily)
12. After a tiring day, Kate sat down on the sofa simply. (wearily, simply)

B. Form sentences of your own, using the adverb form of the words in the brackets.

1. (clever) She does cleverly for her homework.
2. (brilliant) My father works brilliantly for his job.
3. (wise) He untie so wisely for problem.
4. (grateful) She does her job so grateful.
5. (cruel) He kicks the dog cruelly.
6. (honest) He works his job honestly.
7. (miserable) The poor live miserable.
8. (excited) The film starts excitedly.
9. (joking) My friend read comic book so jokily.
10. (grumpy) He thinks so grumpily that his son mistake.

C. Write the complete sentence correctly.
1. at/ Who / knocking / door / loudly / the / was / so / ?
Who was knocking at the door so loudly?
2. darkened / suddenly / began / it / sky / and / The / to / rain
The sky darkened and it began to rain suddenly.
3. matches / won / Surprisingly, / tournament / we / all / the / in / our
Surprisingly, we won all the matches in our tournament. 

Adjectives

Adjectives are describing words. They tell us about the colour, size, shape, nature, quality or condition of a noun. Examples are: blue, green, round, square, good, old, tall, brave, beautiful, tired, happy, exhausted etc.

An adjective usually describes a noun and denotes a temporary or permanent quality associated with that noun. For example, an intelligent boy is a boy who is distinguished from other boys by being permanently intelligent. A square table is a table that is distinguished from other tables by being square in shape. A brave soldier is a soldier who is distinguished from other soldiers by being brave.

• We need round tables.
• Tokyo is a big city.

Adjectives can answer the question 'What kind?' (roundtables; big city), 'How much?' (some rice, little effort) 'Which one?' (red shirt, second wife), and 'How many?' (two boys,ten books).

Kinds of adjectives

There are different kinds of adjectives.

Adjectives of quantity

An adjective of quantity answers the question how much. Examples are: some, little, much, enough, sufficient, insufficient, all, whole, great, any etc.

Examples are:

• I have bought some bacon.
• I haven’t got much money.
• We have got enough time.
• There is little water in the bottle.

Adjectives of number or numeral adjectives

They answer the question 'how many?' Numeral adjectives are of three kinds:

1. Definite numeral adjectives (e.g. one, two, three, first, second, third etc.)
2. Indefinite numeral adjectives (e.g. some, any, no, several, few, all etc.)
3.Distributive numeral adjectives (e.g. each, every, either, neither)

Possessive Adjectives

A possessive adjective modifies a noun by telling whom it belongs to. It answers the question "Whose?"

Examples are: his, her, its, my, our, their, and your.

• You can share my rice.
• Have you seen their house?
• This is his room.
• They are our friends.

Demonstrative Adjectives

The demonstrative adjectives that, these, this, those, andwhat answer the question "Which?"

• I'm going to open that present.
• Whose is this bag?
• These mangoes are very sweet.

A demonstrative adjective may look like a demonstrative pronoun, but it is used differently in the sentence.

Distributive adjectives

There are four distributive adjectives in English: each, every, either and neither. Distributive adjectives are used with singular nouns. The following verb is usually singular, but can be plural in a very formal style.

Interrogative Adjectives

The interrogative adjectives are used with nouns to ask questions. Examples are what, which and whose.

• What movie do you want to see?
• Which leaves turn color first?
• Whose son is he?

An interrogative adjective may look like an interrogative pronoun, but it is used differently in the sentence: it is an adjective, used to modify a noun or pronoun.

Indefinite Adjectives

An indefinite adjective gives indefinite, or general, information. Often, it answers the question "How much?" Some common indefinite adjectives are all, any, each, every, few, many, and some.

• Many children like dinosaurs.
• Did you want some bananas?
• Is there any water in the bottle?

An indefinite adjective may look like an indefinite pronoun, but it is used differently in the sentence: it is an adjective, used to modify a noun or pronoun.



Exercise Online : http://knowledgesolutionsindia.com/page.php?54

2.2 Adjectives

Answer   page 76

A.  Underline  the  adjectives  in  these  sentences.

   1.  The   bananas  are  not  ripe  yet.

   2.  My  uncle  always  tells  us  funny  stories.

   3.  It  was  cold  and  wet  yesterday.

   4.  The  cool  breeze  was  making  everyone  sleepy.

   5.  What  are  those  posters  about ?

   6.  My  friend  is  an  expert  in  European  languages.

   7.  The  hungry  children  colldn’t  wait  to  get  home.

   8.  The  sandwiches  tase  delicious.

   9.  Several  people  in  the  queue  could  not  get  tickits.

 10. Whom  does  the  red  car  belong  to ?

B.  Complete  the  sentences  with  adjectives  from  the  box.

wonderful	weak	incomplete	empty	bold
thrifty	cloudy	dirty	sour	lazy

   1.  The  milk  smells  sour  .  Let‘s  throw  it  away.

   2.  The  sky  looks  cloudy  .  It  may  start  raining  any  time.

   3.  Sam  has  recovered  from  his  illness,  but  he  is  still  weak .

   4.  The  market  is  empty  .  There  is  no  one to  be  seen.

   5.  Mr  Scrooge  is  careful  with  his  money.  He  is  thrifty.

   6.  Tina’s  report  on  the  accident  was  incomplete  .  She  had  to  leave  town  before  she  could  complete  it.

   7.  Paula  described   the  wonderful  experience  she  had  on  the  roller  coaster.

   8.  Hannah  put  all  the  dirty  clothes  in  the  washing-machine.

   9.  He  felt  too  lazy  to  walk  and  took  a  taxi  to  work.

 10. She  is  very  bold  and  often  does  sea  swimming.

C.  Write  three  adjectives  to  describe  each  person  in  this  list.

   1.  Your  mother -    kind    ,     cheerful   ,    reasonable .

   2.  Your  father -   strong   ,     tall   ,     good  .

   3.  Your  best  friend -  good  ,  cheerful  ,  strong  .

   4.  Your  neighbour -   nice  ,   tall  ,    friendly   .

   5.  Your  pet -   lovely  ,   honest   ,  good   .